1. Q: Which
property defines lipids regarding solubility?
A) Soluble in
water
B) Insoluble in
fat solvents
C) Related to
carbohydrates
D) Soluble in
fat solvents, such as ether and chloroform
Correct Answer: D
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2. Q: What is
the calorific value of lipids per gram?
A) 4 kilo
calories/g
B) 6 kilo
calories/g
C) 8 kilo
calories/g
D) 9 kilo
calories/g
Correct Answer: D
3. Q: How are
lipids typically stored in adipose tissue compared to carbohydrates?
A) In
concentrated form in hydrated state
B) In dilute
form in water free state
C) In dilute
form in hydrated state
D) In
concentrated form in water free state
Correct Answer: D
4. Q: Lipids
are important components of which cellular structure?
A) Nucleus
B) Ribosomes
C) Cell
membranes
D) Cytoplasm
Correct Answer: C
5. Q:
Lipoproteins (combination of lipids and proteins) are important constituents of
which two cellular components?
A) Nucleus and
ribosomes
B) Golgi
apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum
C) Cell
membrane and mitochondria
D) Lysosomes
and peroxisomes
Correct Answer: C
6. Q: Lipids
perform an insulating and protective function in the subcutaneous tissues and
around certain organs, such as the:
A) Liver
B) Spleen
C) Kidneys
D) Pancreas
Correct Answer: C
7. Q: The three
main groups into which lipids are classified are Simple lipids, Compound or
conjugate lipids, and what third group?
A) Complex
lipids
B) Unsaturated
lipids
C) Neutral
lipids
D) Derived
lipids
Correct Answer: D
8. Q: Simple
lipids are further classified according to the nature of the alcohol they
contain. The two main types of simple lipids are Fats/oils and what other
group?
A) Steroids
B)
Phospholipids
C) Fatty acids
D) Waxes
Correct Answer: D
9. Q: Fats and
oils are esters of fatty acids and which specific alcohol?
A) Sphingosine
B) Ethanolamine
C) Choline
D) Glycerol
Correct Answer: D
10. Q: If a true fat is liquid at ordinary room
temperature, it is called a/an:
A) Wax
B) Compound
lipid
C) Triglyceride
D) Oil
Correct Answer: D
11. Q: A triglyceride is called a simple triglyceride
when:
A) It is liquid
at room temperature.
B) It contains
two different fatty acids.
C) All three
fatty acids are the same.
D) It contains
a cyclic alcohol.
Correct Answer: C
12. Q: Tripalmitin is a simple triglyceride containing
three molecules of which specific fatty acid in combination with glycerol?
A) Stearic acid
B) Butyric acid
C) Palmitic
acid
D) Oleic acid
Correct Answer: C
13. Q: The melting point of fats is dependent on the
chain length of the component fatty acids and which other factor?
A) Their
specific gravity
B) Their
solubility in water
C) Their degree
of unsaturation.
D) Their
utility in metabolism
Correct Answer: C
14. Q: Waxes are defined as esters of fatty acids with
which type of alcohol?
A) Glycerol
B) Phosphoric
acid
C) Long-chain
aliphatic alcohol or cyclic alcohol
D) Ethanolamine
Correct Answer: C
15. Q: Compound or conjugate lipids yield fatty acids,
an alcohol, and additional substances upon hydrolysis, such as:
A) Steroids and
carotenes
B) Bile acids
C) Phosphoric
acid, nitrogenous bases, or galactose
D) Essential
fatty acids
Correct Answer: C
16. Q: Which type of compound lipid is listed as
yielding sulfuric acid upon hydrolysis, in addition to fatty acid and an
alcohol?
A)
Phospholipids
B) Cerebrosides
C) Sulfolipids
D) Lipoproteins
Correct Answer: C
17. Q: Which of the following is listed as an example
of a derived lipid?
A) Tripalmitin
B) Lecithins
C) Steroids
D) Waxes
Correct Answer: C
18. Q: Which type of phospholipid contains glycerol,
fatty acids, phosphoric acid, and choline?
A) Cephalins
B) Cardiolipin
C) Lecithins
D) Plasmalogens
Correct Answer: C
19. Q: Cephalins differ from lecithins in that which
nitrogenous base replaces choline?
A) Serine
B) Inositol
C) Ethanolamine
D) Sphingosine
Correct Answer: C
20. Q: Which cephalin-like phospholipid found in brain
tissue contains the amino acid serine?
A) Cardiolipin
B) Plasmalogen
C) Phosphatidyl
inositol
D) Phosphatidyl
serine
Correct Answer: D
21. Q: Which phospholipid is particularly important in
the fat metabolism by the liver?
A) Cephalins
B) Cardiolipin
C) Lecithins
D) Phosphatidyl
serine
Correct Answer: C
22. Q: Cardiolipin is an important phospholipid of
which cellular membrane?
A) Cell
membrane
B) Endoplasmic
reticulum
C) Golgi
apparatus
D)
Mitochondrial membrane
Correct Answer: D
23. Q: Which phospholipids possess fatty aldehyde in
place of fatty acid at the $\alpha$-position?
A) Lecithins
B)
Sphingomyelins
C) Cephalins
D) Plasmalogens
Correct Answer: D
24. Q: Sphingomyelins yield a fatty acid, phosphoric
acid, choline, and a complex amino alcohol upon hydrolysis, which is called:
A) Glycerol
B) Ethanolamine
C) Sphingosine
(or Sphingol)
D) Galactose
Correct Answer: C
25. Q: Cerebrosides (Glycolipids) contain sphingol, a
high molecular weight fatty acid, and which specific sugar?
A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Mannose
D) Galactose
Correct Answer: D
26. Q: Which of the following is listed as one of the
four isolated cerebrosides?
A) Cholesterol
B) Stearic acid
C) Kerasin
D) Choline
Correct Answer: C
27. Q: Sulfolipids contain sphingosine, galactose,
cerebronic acid, sulfuric acid, and which specific mineral?
A) Calcium
B) Sodium
C) Magnesium
D) Potassium
Correct Answer: D
28. Q: Saturated fatty acids are built upon which
specific acid as the first member of the series?
A) Butyric acid
B) Caproic acid
C) Palmitic
acid
D) Acetic acid
Correct Answer: D
29. Q: The general formula for fatty acids in the
Oleic series (one double bond) is:
A) CnH2n+1COOH
B) CnH2n-1COOH
C) CnH2n-3COOH
D) CnH2n-5COOH
Correct Answer: B
30. Q: Fatty acids belonging to the Linolenic series
have how many double bonds?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
Correct Answer: C
31. Q: The fatty acid, Arachidonic acid, is listed as
belonging to a series having how many double bonds?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
Correct Answer: D
32. Q: Which of the following is recognized as an
essential fatty acid that is not synthesized in the body?
A) Stearic acid
B) Myristic
acid
C) Linolenic
acid
D) Palmitic
acid
Correct Answer: C
33. Q: The parent substance of the steroid nucleus is
designated as:
A) Phenanthrene
B) Cyclopentane
C)
Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene
D) Cholesterol
Correct Answer: C
34. Q: According to the source, a compound is
classified as a Sterol if it has one or more hydroxyl groups and no:
A) Methyl
groups
B) Side chains
C) Carbonyl or
carboxyl groups
D) Cyclic
nucleus
Correct Answer: C
35. Q: Prostaglandins are derivatives of prostanoic
acid which are cyclic derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids having how many
carbon atoms?
A) 15
B) 18
C) 20
D) 27
Correct Answer: C
36. Q: Prostaglandins are synthesized and released by
all mammalian cells and tissues except:
A) Liver
B) Lung
C) Testis
D) RBC
Correct Answer: D
37. Q: Which of the following is listed as a use of
prostaglandins?
A) Promoting
inflammation
B) Raising
blood pressure
C) Inhibit
platelet aggregation
D) Treating
type II diabetes
Correct Answer: C
38. Q: Enzymatic hydrolysis of triglycerides by
lipases occurs at which pH condition?
A) Acidic pH
(3.0-6.0)
B) Neutral pH
(7.0)
C) Alkaline pH
(7.5-8.5)
D) Highly
acidic pH (<3.0)
Correct Answer: C
39. Q: The hydrolysis of triglycerides by alcoholic
potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide is called:
A) Enzymatic
hydrolysis
B) Adsorption
C)
Saponification
D)
Libermann-Burchard reaction
Correct Answer: C
40. Q: Saponification yields glycerol and salts of
fatty acids called:
A) Acids
B) Esters
C) Soaps
D) Steroids
Correct Answer: C
41. Q: The principle of adsorption on alumina is used
in the determination of serum triglycerides to remove which interfering lipid?
A)
Triglycerides
B) Cholesterol
C)
Phospholipids
D) Free fatty
acids
Correct Answer: C
42. Q: The Libermann-Burchard reaction is used for the
colorimetric determination of:
A)
Triglycerides
B)
Phospholipids
C) Serum total
cholesterol
D) Free fatty
acids
Correct Answer: C
43. Q: The combination of heparin and manganese
chloride is used to precipitate which major lipoproteins from serum?
A) HDL only
B)
Chylomicrons, LDL and VLDL
C) All derived
lipids
D) Only VLDL
and HDL
Correct Answer: B
44. Q: During the electrophoretic fractionation of
lipoproteins, LDL separates into which fraction?
A) Alpha
B) Pre-Beta
C) C
(Chylomicrons)
D) Beta
Correct Answer: D
45. Q: The digestion of lipids in the stomach is
initiated by lingual lipase and gastric lipase acting primarily on fats
containing:
A) Long chain
fatty acids
B)
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
C) Short chain
fatty acids
D) Medium chain
fatty acids only
Correct Answer: C
46. Q: After feeding, particularly the ingestion of
milk, gastric lipases become active at which pH range?
A) pH 7.5 to
8.5
B) pH 1.0 to
2.0
C) pH 3.0 to
6.0
D) pH 7.0
Correct Answer: C
47. Q: During digestion in the intestine, bile acids
supplied by the gall bladder serve to:
A) Neutralize
pancreatic lipase
B) Emulsify
fats and dissolve fatty acids
C) Hydrolyze
glycerol
D) Activate
fatty acid oxidase
Correct Answer: B
48. Q: Pancreatic lipase acts on triglycerides to form
2-monoacylglycerol and free fatty acids with the help of what cofactor?
A) Bile salts
B)
Cholecystokinin
C) Colipase
D) Secretin
Correct Answer: C
49. Q: The products of lipid digestion diffuse into
soluble structures composed of bile salts, phosphatidylcholine, and
cholesterol, known as:
A) Lipoproteins
B) Chylomicrons
C) Mixed
micelles
D) Endocytotic
vesicles
Correct Answer: C
50. Q: Short and medium chain fatty acids ($< 10$
carbons) enter the portal circulation after absorption and are transported to
the liver bound to:
A)
Triglycerides
B) Chylomicrons
C) Albumin
D) Apoprotein
B-48
Correct Answer: C
51. Q: The resynthesized lipids in intestinal mucosal
cells are packaged into chylomicrons and released into the:
A) Portal vein
B) Hepatic
artery
C) Lymphatic
vessels
D) Capillaries
Correct Answer: C
52. Q: What enzyme, located in the adipose tissue and
on the endothelial lining of arteries and capillaries, is responsible for the
clearance/hydrolysis of triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDL?
A) Hepatic
triglyceride lipase (HTGL)
B) Cholesterol
esterase
C)
Acyl-cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)
D) Lipoprotein
lipase (LPL),
Correct Answer: D
53. Q: Long chain fatty acids are degraded completely
to acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle, through which principal
method of oxidation?
A) Alpha
oxidation
B) Gamma
oxidation
C) Beta
oxidation
D) Omega
oxidation
Correct Answer: C
54. Q: When the rate of lipolysis exceeds the rate of
esterification, Free Fatty Acids (FFA) accumulate. This is influenced by a
reduced availability of which substance, as seen in starvation or diabetes
mellitus?
A) Oxygen
B) Cholesterol
C) Glucose
D) Protein
Correct Answer: C
55. Q: Which hormone raises plasma FFA levels by
increasing the rate of lipolysis of the triglyceride store?
A) Insulin
B) Thyroid
stimulating hormone (TSH)
C) Somatostatin
D) Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B
56. Q: Although every living organism contains
sterols, cholesterol is found exclusively in:
A) Plants
B) Bacteria
C) Animals and
humans
D) Fungi
Correct Answer: C
57. Q: Which microsomal enzyme catalyzes the
rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis?
A) Lipoprotein
lipase
B) Squalene
epoxidase
C) HMG-CoA
reductase,
D) Transferase
Correct Answer: C
58. Q: The process where HDL returns cholesterol from
the periphery to the liver for removal as bile acids is known as:
A) Hepatic
catabolism
B)
Esterification
C) Reverse
cholesterol transport,
D) Bulk
endocytosis
Correct Answer:
C
59. Q: High plasma levels of cholesterol carried in
which lipoprotein are most clearly associated with increased risk for Coronary
Artery Disease (CAD)?
A) VLDL
B) Chylomicrons
C) HDL
D) LDL
Correct Answer: D
60. Q: Based on the Fredrickson classification, the
phenotype characterized by clear serum and a heavy beta band (high cholesterol)
is:
A) Type I
B) Type IIa,
C) Type III
D) Type IV
Correct Answer: B
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